Ibn Battuta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ibn Battuta. Ibn Ba. Over a period of thirty years, Ibn Battuta visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non- Muslim lands. STUD GUIDE BREADWINNER RIES by Deborah Ellis THE BREADWINNER His journeys included trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China. Early life and first hajj. He would not see Morocco again for twenty- four years. I set out alone, having neither fellow- traveller in whose companionship I might find cheer, nor caravan whose part I might join, but swayed by an overmastering impulse within me and a desire long- cherished in my bosom to visit these illustrious sanctuaries. So I braced my resolution to quit my dear ones, female and male, and forsook my home as birds forsake their nests. My parents being yet in the bonds of life, it weighed sorely upon me to part from them, and both they and I were afflicted with sorrow at this separation. The route took him through Tlemcen, B. He took a bride in the town of Sfax, the first in a series of marriages that would feature in his travels. He met two ascetic pious men in Alexandria. One was Sheikh Burhanuddin who is supposed to have foretold the destiny of Ibn Battuta as a world traveller saying . You will visit my brother Fariduddin in India, Rukonuddin in Sind and Burhanuddin in China. Convey my greetings to them. Another pious man Sheikh Murshidi interpreted the meaning of a dream of Ibn Battuta that he was meant to be a world traveller. After spending about a month in Cairo. Of the three usual routes to Mecca, Ibn Battuta chose the least- travelled, which involved a journey up the Nile valley, then east to the Red Sea port of Aydhab. During his first trip he had encountered a holy man who prophesied that he would only reach Mecca by travelling through Syria. Without this help many travellers would be robbed and murdered. After four days in the town, he journeyed on to Mecca, where completing his pilgrimage he took the honorific status of El- Hajji. Rather than returning home, Ibn Battuta instead decided to continue on, choosing as his next destination the Ilkhanate, a Mongol. Khanate, to the northeast. The Travels Of Ibn Battuta. 10-09-2016 2/3 The Travels Of Ibn Battuta. Other Files Available to Download Ibn Battuta has 31 books on Goodreads with 6945 ratings. Ibn Battuta’s most popular book is The Travels of Ibn Battutah. DOMINOES The Travels of Ibn Battuta LEVEL ONE 400 HEADWORDS 4247726 Ibn Battuta FP.indd 1 7/7/10 15:19:31. Book information and reviews for ISBN:1558763368,Ibn Battuta In Black Africa by Ibn Battuta. The Journey of Ibn Battuta is a medieval book which recounts the journey of the 14th-century Moroccan scholar and traveler Ibn Battuta. The Travels of Ibn Battuta Edition: Reprint by H.A.R. Gibb and a great selection of similar Used, New and Collectible Books available now at AbeBooks.com. Iraq and Persia. In Najaf, he visited the mausoleum of Ali, the Fourth Caliph. From Najaf, he journeyed to Wasit, then followed the river Tigris south to Basra. His next destination was the town of Isfahan across the Zagros Mountains in Persia. He then headed south to Shiraz, a large, flourishing city spared the destruction wrought by Mongol invaders on many more northerly towns. Finally, he returned across the mountains to Baghdad, arriving there in June 1. He visited Mosul, where he was the guest of the Ilkhanate governor, and then the towns of Cizre (Jazirat ibn 'Umar) and Mardin in modern- day Turkey. At a hermitage on a mountain near Sinjar, he met a Kurdish mystic who gave him some silver coins. Ill with diarrhoea, he arrived in the city weak and exhausted for his second hajj. Problems with chronology, however, lead commentators to suggest that he may have left after the 1. From there he followed the coast in a series of boats making slow progress against the prevailing south- easterly winds. Once in Yemen he visited Zab. Ibn Battuta also mentions visiting Sana'a, but whether he actually did so is doubtful. He then moved on to Cape Guordafui further down the Somalia seaboard, spending about a week in each location. Later he would visit Mogadishu, the then pre- eminent city of the . He further wrote that the authority of the Sultan extended from Malindi in the north to Inhambane in the south and was particularly impressed by the planning of the city, believing it to be the reason for Kilwa's success along the coast. From this period date the construction of the Palace of Husuni Kubwa and a significant extension to the Great Mosque of Kilwa, which was made of Coral stones and the largest Mosque of its kind. With a change in the monsoon winds, Ibn Battuta sailed back to Arabia, first to Oman and the Strait of Hormuz then on to Mecca for the hajj of 1. Anatolia. In the autumn of 1. Seljuq controlled territory of Anatolia with the intention of taking an overland route to India. He crossed the Red Sea and the Eastern Desert to reach the Nile valley and then headed north to Cairo. From there he crossed the Sinai Peninsula to Palestine and then travelled north again through some of the towns that he had visited in 1. From the Syrian port of Latakia, a Genoese ship took him (and his companions) to Alanya on the southern coast of modern- day Turkey. He then journeyed westwards along the coast to the port of Antalya. In the town he met members of one of the semi- religious fityan associations. These were a feature of most Anatolian towns in the 1. The members were young artisans and had at their head a leader with the title of Akhis. The associations specialised in welcoming travellers. Ibn Battuta was very impressed with the hospitality that he received and would later stay in their hospices in more than 2. Anatolia. From Antalya Ibn Battuta headed inland to E. He spent Ramadan (June 1. May 1. 33. 3) in the city. From this point the itinerary across Anatolia in the Rihla is confused. Ibn Battuta describes travelling westwards from E. He then continues travelling in an easterly direction, reaching Erzurum from where he skips 1,1. Birgi which lies north of Milas. Historians believe that Ibn Battuta visited a number of towns in central Anatolia, but not in the order that he describes. He went to the port town of Azov, where he met with the emir of the Khan, then to the large and rich city of Majar. He left Majar to meet with Uzbeg Khan's travelling court (Orda), which was at the time near Beshtau mountain. From there he made a journey to Bolghar, which became the northernmost point he reached, and noted its unusually (for a subtropics dweller) short nights in summer. Then he returned to the Khan's court and with it moved to Astrakhan. Ibn Battuta recorded that while in Bulghar he wanted to travel further north into the land of darkness. The land is snow- covered throughout (northern Siberia) and the only means of transport is dog- drawn sled. There lived a mysterious people who were reluctant to show themselves. They traded with southern people in a peculiar way. Southern merchants brought various goods and placed them in an open area on the snow in the night, then returned to their tents. Next morning they came to the place again and found their merchandise taken by the mysterious people, but in exchange they found fur- skins which could be used for making valuable coats, jackets, and other winter garments. The trade is done between merchants and the mysterious people without seeing each other. As Ibn Battuta was not a merchant and saw no benefit of going there he abandoned the travel to this land of darkness. Ibn Battuta talked his way into this expedition, which would be his first beyond the boundaries of the Islamic world. He visited the great church of Hagia Sophia and spoke with an Eastern Orthodox priest about his travels in the city of Jerusalem. After a month in the city, Ibn Battuta returned to Astrakhan, then arrived in the capital city Sarai al- Jadid and reported the accounts of his travels to Sultan . Then he continued past the Caspian and Aral Seas to Bukhara and Samarkand, where he visited the court of another Mongolian king, Tarmashirin (r. In the Rihla, he mentions these mountains and the history of the range in slave trading. Ibn Battuta served as a qadi or judge for six years during Muhammad bin Tughluq's reign. Muhammad bin Tughluq was renowned as the wealthiest man in the Muslim world at that time. He patronized various scholars, Sufis, qadis, viziers and other functionaries in order to consolidate his rule. As with Mamluk Egypt, the Tughlaq Dynasty was a rare vestigial example of Muslim rule in Asia after the Mongol invasion. On the strength of his years of study in Mecca, Ibn Battuta was appointed a qadi, or judge, by the sultan. However, he found it difficult to enforce Islamic law beyond the sultan's court in Delhi, due to lack of Islamic appeal in India. His plan to leave on the pretext of taking another hajj was stymied by the Sultan. The opportunity for Battuta to leave Delhi finally arose around 1. Yuan dynasty China asking for permission to rebuild a Himalayan Buddhist temple popular with Chinese pilgrims. Ibn Battuta was given charge of the embassy but en route to the coast at the start of the journey to China, he and his large retinue were attacked by a group of bandits. From there, they sailed to Calicut (now known as Kozhikode), where Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama would land two centuries later. While in Calicut, Battuta was the guest of the ruling Zamorin. He then sailed on to Quilon (now known as Kollam), one of the busiest port cities on the Southern Coast. His journey from Calicut to Quilon lasted 1. This area is today known as Hosapattana and lies in the Honavaradministrative district of Uttara Kannada. Following the overthrow of the sultanate, Ibn Battuta had no choice but to leave India. Although determined to continue his journey to China, he first took a detour to visit the Maldive Islands. He spent nine months on the islands, much longer than he had intended. As a Chief Qadi, his skills were highly desirable in the formerly Buddhist nation that had recently converted to Islam. Half- kidnapped into staying, he became chief judge and married into the royal family of Omar I. He became embroiled in local politics and left when his strict judgments in the laissez- faire island kingdom began to chafe with its rulers. In the Rihla he mentions his dismay at the local women going about with no clothing above the waist, and the locals taking no notice when he complained. Stranded onshore, he worked his way back to the Madurai kingdom in India.
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